Comparing the protective effect of the conventional pasteurized and lactobacillus acidophilus-fortified pasteurized yoghurts on candida albicans

Statement of Problems: Candida species are the most common fungal pathogen in human's body. Therefore an accurate and immediate treatment seems to be necessary. Nowadays, alternative treatments, such as probiotics, are considered because of the adverse side effects of chemical medications. Probiotics are alive organisms which can be used for medical purposes and are added to different kinds of diary such as yoghurt. Lactobacill Acidophilus [LA] was detected form human's recourses many years ago and nowadays can be found in special kinds of milk, yoghurt, juice and food complementories

Purpose: In this study we are to compare the effect of conventional pasteurized and lactobacillus acidophilus- fortified pasteurized yoghurt on Candida Albicans in vitro

Materials and Method: Candida Albicans was isolated from 30 oral candidasis patients, cultured and prepared as standard suspension. Probiotic powder of LA in MRS Media after 24hrs led to 5x10[9] lactobacillus. LAfortified yoghurt was prepared via adding lactobacills into 250 ml of pasteurized boiled milk after 8hrs in 37[degree]c. We prepared 3 tubes and added standard suspension of Candida in each of them. Adding sterile yoghourt, conventional pasteurized yoghurt and LAfortified yoghurt to the tubes respectively, we put them in 35[degree]c incubator for 48 hrs. We added the content of each tube in Sabouraud agar media and incubated in 25[degree]c for 72 hrs and then counted the colonies

Results: There was a significant difference between the mean of colonies in each group during 5 days [p = 0, df = 4] and also on each day [p = 0, df = 2]

Conclusion: L.A. can inhibit colonization of Candida in vitro. In this study the most of Candida colonies were in the sterile yoghurt and the least of them were in LA fortified yoghurt

Serum level of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in patients with oral Lichen planus

Oral Lichen planus [OLP] is a chronic lesion of the oral mucosa with unknown origin. Basement membrane changes are common in OLP and may be mediated by proteases such as matrix metalloproteinase [MMPs] and mast cell chymase. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of serum MMP-3 in OLP compared to normal individuals and assess its clinical significance. Thirty four serum samples from patients diagnosed with OLP [12 males, 22 females, age: 42.2 +/- 10.8 years] and 34 serum samples from healthy control subjects [11 males, 23 females, age: 42.5 +/- 13.3 years] were collected and MMP-3 concentration was measured by ELISA. The serum MMP-3 level in OLP patients was higher [21.64 +/- 24.31 ng/ml] compared with healthy controls [16.52 +/- 23.63 ng/ml], but showed no statistically significant difference. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two types of OLP, being more pronounced in the erosive/atrophic form 6]. The different clinical appearances of OLP are associated with significant differences in MMP-3 serum level

[Evaluation of the relationship between oral lichen planus and stress]

Statement of Problem: Psychosomatic factors and their association with dermatological disorders are well recognized; yet, their importance in oral lichen planus [OLP] is still debated

Purpose: This study was done to determine the importance of stress in patients with OLP

Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional case control study, the control group consisted of 47 apparently healthy patients without any mucosal lesion, and the experimental group consisted of 52 biopsy proven OLP subjects [28 erosive lichen planus and 24 reticular form] which were age and sex matched with the control group. They were referred to department of oral medicine in Tabriz University of Medical Science during May 2008-July 2008. The General Health Questionnaire-version 12 [GHQ-12] and the Perceived Stress Scale [PSS] were used to evaluate stress in OLP patients and control group. The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis and Man Whitney tests. P value less that 0.05 was considered as significant

Results: The patients with erosive lichen planus had significantly more stress [Z = 4.123; p < 0.05] than the controls. Similar findings were noted between the reticuler lichen planus and control group [Z = 5.891; p < 0.05]. However, the differences in stress [Z = 2.248; p > 0.05]was found to be non-significant between the patients with erosive lichen planus and reticular form

Conclusion: A significantly higher level of stress was found in the OLP patients [both erosive and reticular form] than the control group, but no significant difference was noted between the patients with erosive lichen planus and reticular form. Therefore it can be concluded that psychological stressors play an important role in the creating OLP

prevalence of median rhomboid glossitis in diabetic patients: a case-control study

Diabetes mellitus [DM] is one of the most common disorders of endocrine glands which has a worldwide distribution and is a risk factor for oral pathology so; the purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between median rhomboid glossitis [MRG] and DM. We examined 202 Iranian patients with DM aged 10-86 years and 261 healthy subjects aged 10-28 years and the diagnosis of MRG was made based on clinical features. The examination indicated that 13 [6.43%] diabetic patients and 4 [1.53%] of control group had MRG. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of MRG, between patients and control group. MRG showed no association with other variables [age, sex, duration of DM, drugs, FBS, A[1C]]. In the present study the prevalence of MRG in diabetics was much higher than that of controls

relationship between geographic tongue and stress

Geographic tongue [GT] is a fairly common and usually asymptomatic disorder that is often detected on routine dental examinations. Characteristic lesions appear as multiple, well-demarcated zones of erythema, concentrated at the tip and lateral borders of tongue. Although the etiology of the condition is unknown, it may be related to stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between GT and stress. This study was performed on 60 patients with GT and 60 patients without GT. All the patients filled a questionnaire and a psychologist evaluted them. The total mean score of stress was 19.8 in GT group and 15.8 in the control group. According to the results, there is an association between stress and GT. Decreasing stress in GT patients can lead to the healing of the lesion. Other factors that may be associated with GT should be studied in future

[ modified AgNOR staining in diagnosis of benign and malignant salivary gland tumors]

Statement of problem: Salivary gland neoplasms show varied histological and biological characteristics, and there may be difficulty in differentiating between low grade malignancies and benign tumors of the salivary glands

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of modified AgNOR technique in distinguishing between benign and malignant salivary gland tumors

Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional study, 40 benign salivary gland tumors [34 pleomorphic adenoma, 6 warthin tumor], 40 malignant neoplasms [26 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 14 mucoepidermoid carcinoma] and 10 chronic sialadenitis were stained with modified AgNOR technique. AgNOR counts, variation in size and dispersion of AgNOR dots in the cells were graded and compared in benign and malignant tumors. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey, t-test and Kruskal-Wallis tests

Results: The mean AgNOR counts for the benign neoplasms [1.29+/-0.13] were less than those for the malignant neoplasms [2.87+/-0.25]. Variation in AgNOR size and dispersion was of a higher grade in malignancy when compared with benign neoplasms [ p <0.05]

Conclusion: Our results suggest that modified AgNOR staining is useful for distinguishing benign from malignant tumors, but variation in AgNOR size and dispersion in addition to the count should also be considered

[ descriptive study of 300 cases of orofacial tumors in an Iranian population]

Orofacial tumors are a heterogeneous group of lesions having various histological types and clinical behavior. The prevalence and clinical behavior of some pathologic lesions is different in various populations. The aim of this study was to determine the type and distribution of orofacial tumors among patients referred to the Oral Pathology Departments of Shiraz Dental School and Chamran Hospital in Iran. In this retrospective case series study, data on the type, age, sex and site of tumors in 2343 patients with orofacial lesions in the period from 1991-2008 were collected and analyzed, using SPSS13. In this study, 300 [12.8%] tumors were found among the subjects. The most common types of benign and malignant tumors were odontoma and langerhans cell histiocytosis in children and adolescents, and unicystic ameloblastoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the adults, respectively. The most common site of tumors in soft tissue was gingiva and in the jaws it was the posterior part of the mandible. The observed differences in the tumor type and distribution in this study compared with the previous studies, in addition to design and methods of the study, may be attributed to genetic and geographic variations in the population. Therefore, more extensive investigations are recommended to achieve more information about these lesions which can be used for assessment of patients

Oral manifestations of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and presentation of a case

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome [EDS] is a rare syndrome, primarily diagnosed by clinical findings and family history. The clinical manifestations of EDS in the orofacial region consist of extra-oral and intra-oral manifestations. Its prognosis depends on the [sub] type and the proper, early diagnosis of the syndrome. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss the manifestations of this syndrome, especially its oral manifestations, and to present a case

effect of citalopram and colonazpam on burning mouth syndrome

Psychosocial factors are thought to play a role in burning mouth syndrome [BMS] and several therapeutic approaches for BMS are based on this consideration. This paper evaluated the efficacyof the combined systemic administration of citalopram and clonazepam, as anti-depressant and anti-anxiety drugs, in the management of burning mouth syndrome and reduction of the burning sensation. In this cross-sectional study, 80 subjects suffering from idiopathic burning mouth syndrome were enrolled. The patients underwent a thorough clinical examination. Oral symptoms before and after treatment were assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale. The mean duration of burning in our patients was 7 months. Systemic combination of citalopram [20mg/daily] and clonazpam [0.25 mg/daily] was prescribed for all of them for 8 weeks. Then, the data were analysed, using Student's t-test. Of the 62 patients who completed the protocol, 38 reported complete remission of the oral burning sensation. However, 20 patients reported a little improvement, and four of them reported no improvement. These data suggest that citaloperam with colonazpam is effective in patients with BMS

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in Southern Iran

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [HNSCC] is the sixth most common cancer among men in the developed world. The objective of this study was to document the gender, age, sites of occurrence and histological differentiation of the HNSCC in southern Iran. In a retrospective study from 1992 to 2007, 386 patients with a histological diagnosis of the HNSCC were investigated in departments of pathology of Shiraz Dental School and Khalili Hospital in southern Iran. Among 386 cases, there were 289 male [74.9%] and 97 female [25.1%]. In younger patients, the male to female ratio was lower than that in the older ones. The larynx was the most commonly affected site [44%], followed by the oral cavity [34.7%], skin [7%], oropharynx [3.1%], hypopharynx [2.9%], cervical esophagus [2.3%], other sites [4.2%] and unknown site [1.8%]. 45.6% were well but 8.3% were poorly differentiated for SCC. HNSCC was most common in the larynx and oral cavity with an older aged male preponderance, but male to female ratio was lower in younger patients than older ones